To my dear visitors and commenters

Hi, everybody! I've noticed with lots of joy and happiness, that thousands of comments have been written in my posts. It's wonderful that so may people around the world appreciate my work. Therefore, I want to thank you for that and ,at the same time I want to ask you to be this blog's followers. It's fast and easy! Make it be even more visited and spread all over the world! I'm a woman, a teacher of English in Portugal, and I've been away for quite a long time because of my father's health. Unfortunately he died from Covid19 a few months ago. Now I felt it was time to restart my activity in this and other blogs I owe. I've recently created a new one in a partnership with a street photographer, Mr. Daniel Antunes. He's fabulous! https://pandpbydandd.blogspot.com I'd like you to visit it and, who knows, become our followers. The poems, chronicles and thoughts are all mine. Thank you so much! Kisses :-)

Search This Blog

Friday, November 14, 2014

Climate change 'will make lightning strike more'

Lightning fork (c) BBC
Global warming will significantly increase the frequency of lightning strikes, according to US research.

The research, published in Science, was carried out with the help of data from a US network of lightning detectors.
The teams says they have calculated how much each extra degree in temperature will raise the frequency of lightning.
"For every two lightning strikes in 2000, there will be three lightning strikes in 2100," said David Romps, at the University of California, Berkeley.
As well as triggering more wild fires, he said, this would alter the chemistry of the atmosphere.
The team's work reveals a new method of working out the relationship between temperature and lightning storms, by estimating the heat energy available to "fuel" storm clouds.
"As the planet warms, there will be more of this fuel around, so when thunderstorms get triggered, they will be more energetic," said Prof Romps.
He and his colleagues calculated that every 1C rise in global temperature would lead to an increase in the frequency of lightning strikes by 12%.They validated their calculations against a year of data from the US National Lightning Detector Network, which detects an electromagnetic pulse every time lightning strikes in the US.
"The resulting data is exquisite," said Dr Romps. "The position and time of every lightning strike is very accurately recorded."
Changing the atmosphere
As well as triggering half of the wildfires in the US, each lightning strike - a powerful electrical discharge - sparks a chemical reaction that produces a "puff" of greenhouse gases called nitrogen oxides.

"Lightning is the dominant source of nitrogen oxides in the middle and upper troposphere," said Prof Romps.
And by controlling this gas, it indirectly regulates other greenhouse gases including ozone and methane.
Prof Romps said that this was an example of a large response to "what sounds like only a few degrees of warming".
A scientist at the UK Met Office said it was important to understand future lightning patterns, but cautioned that there were still uncertainties in the researchers' model that needed to be tested further.
The Met Office added that the application of this forecast to other parts of the world could be limited by the fact that rainfall patterns were very uncertain in many regions.
Prof Romps said that if the Earth did warm by the expected 4C during the 21st Century, the change in lightning would be "the least of our worries".
"A big chunk of the [carbon dioxide] we put into the atmosphere during this century will persist [there] for 100,000 years; a long-lived legacy, indeed."
Changing the atmosphere
As well as triggering half of the wildfires in the US, each lightning strike - a powerful electrical discharge - sparks a chemical reaction that produces a "puff" of greenhouse gases called nitrogen oxides."Lightning is the dominant source of nitrogen oxides in the middle and upper troposphere," said Prof Romps.
And by controlling this gas, it indirectly regulates other greenhouse gases including ozone and methane.
Prof Romps said that this was an example of a large response to "what sounds like only a few degrees of warming".
A scientist at the UK Met Office said it was important to understand future lightning patterns, but cautioned that there were still uncertainties in the researchers' model that needed to be tested further.
The Met Office added that the application of this forecast to other parts of the world could be limited by the fact that rainfall patterns were very uncertain in many regions.
Prof Romps said that if the Earth did warm by the expected 4C during the 21st Century, the change in lightning would be "the least of our worries".
"A big chunk of the [carbon dioxide] we put into the atmosphere during this century will persist [there] for 100,000 years; a long-lived legacy, indeed."
How lightning strikes
Lightning (c) BBC
It still is not entirely clear what triggers the process of "charging a storm cloud". But scientists do know that, to make lightning, water in all three phases - vapour, liquid, and ice - need to coexist.
Clouds then need to rise quickly enough to lift that liquid and ice and keep them suspended. As ice particles in the storm cloud collide with each other, they exchange charged particles called electrons. This eventually leads to a build-up of charge within the cloud, with negatively charged large ice falling to the bottom and positively charged small ice at the top.
The physical separation of that charge is crucial - the negative charge ultimately discharges downwards in a stream of electrons that is the bolt of lightning.
From BBC Sci/Environment

71 comments :

  1. Anonymous5/12/2015

    whoah thіs blog is wonderful i love studying
    ƴour posts. Stay սp thee great work! Уoս recognize, mаny people аre
    looking arߋund for this information, yoս cօuld help them ǥreatly.


    ңere is my blog: robocraft hack

    ReplyDelete
  2. Anonymous5/12/2015

    What's Happening i'm new to this, I stumbled upon this I
    Һave discovered It positively սseful and it Һаs helped me out loads.
    I'm hoping tο give a contribution & Һelp other
    users liƙe іts helped mе. Grеat job.

    Visit mу paցе robocraft hack

    ReplyDelete
  3. Anonymous5/19/2015

    Way cool! Sоme verу valid poіnts! I apρreciate you penning tҺis
    post and alѕo the rest of the website іs аlso vеry good.


    my web site: Peoples Products

    ReplyDelete
  4. Anonymous5/22/2015

    I do believe all the concepts you've introduced on your post.
    They are really convincing and will definitely work.

    Nonetheless, the posts are very quick for starters. Could you please
    prolong them a bit from next time? Thank you for the post.


    Visit my web site Minecraft.Net

    ReplyDelete
  5. Anonymous5/24/2015

    Hi! I could have sworn I've been to this website before but after browsing through a feew of the articles I realized it's
    new to me. Nonetheless, I'm definitely delighted I discovered it
    and I'll be book-marking it and checking back frequently!

    Have a look at my web-site; 4shared.com []

    ReplyDelete
  6. Anonymous5/30/2015

    Hello, the whole thing is going sound here and ofcourse every one is sharing data, that's
    truly excellent, keep up writing.

    Feel free to surf to my website :: Kimkardashiangamecheats.Com

    ReplyDelete
  7. Anonymous6/13/2015

    Why users still use to read news papers when in this technological globe all is
    presented on web?

    Also visit my web page :: injustice gods among us hack tool free download

    ReplyDelete
  8. Anonymous6/13/2015

    Good respond in return of this question with solid arguments and telling the
    whole thing regarding that.

    Here is my webpage; injustice gods among us hack

    ReplyDelete
  9. Anonymous6/13/2015

    I love reading through a post that will make people think.
    Also, thanks for allowing me to comment!

    Also visit my homepage :: cheap chi flat iron

    ReplyDelete
  10. Anonymous6/13/2015

    hi!,I love your writing so much! percentage we keep up a
    correspondence more about your article on AOL? I require an expert in this
    space to resolve my problem. May be that's you!

    Taking a look forward to see you.

    Also visit my web site ... Chi Straighteners

    ReplyDelete
  11. Anonymous6/14/2015

    First of all I would like to say wonderful blog!
    I had a quick question that I'd like to ask if you don't mind.
    I was curious to know how you center yourself and clear your mind before writing.

    I have had a difficult time clearing my thoughts in getting my ideas out.
    I do take pleasure in writing however it just seems like
    the first 10 to 15 minutes tend to be wasted
    simply just trying to figure out how to begin. Any suggestions or tips?
    Thanks!

    Also visit my website: chi flat irons

    ReplyDelete
  12. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Wow! This blog looks exactly like my old one! It's on a totally different topic but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Outstanding choice of colors!



    Here is my blog; Womens MBT Tembea Shoes

    ReplyDelete
  13. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Keep on writing, great job!

    Visit my website ... stronghold crusader download free full version

    ReplyDelete
  14. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Very great post. I simply stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I've really loved surfing around your
    blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing in your feed and I am hoping you write once more soon!

    Also visit my page: Nike Air Max 90

    ReplyDelete
  15. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Hello! This is my first visit to your blog! We
    are a collection of volunteers and starting a new project in a
    community in the same niche. Your blog provided us beneficial information to
    work on. You have done a wonderful job!

    My homepage - chi flat irons

    ReplyDelete
  16. Anonymous6/14/2015

    I always used to study post in news papers but now as I am a user of internet thus from now I am using net for articles, thanks to
    web.

    my web blog ... Nike Air Max 90

    ReplyDelete
  17. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Fantastic goods from you, man. I've understand your stuff previous to and you're just extremely wonderful.
    I really like what you've acquired here, certainly like what you are saying and the way in which you say it.
    You make it entertaining and you still take care of
    to keep it wise. I can not wait to read far more from you.
    This is actually a wonderful website.

    Here is my weblog; chi hair products

    ReplyDelete
  18. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account
    it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! However,
    how could we communicate?

    Feel free to visit my website - Nike Air Max 90

    ReplyDelete
  19. Anonymous6/14/2015

    I must thank you for the efforts you have put in penning this website.

    I am hoping to check out the same high-grade content by you later on as well.
    In fact, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own, personal blog now ;)

    Feel free to surf to my web site; injustice gods among us hack tool free download

    ReplyDelete
  20. Anonymous6/14/2015

    I am now not certain the place you're getting your info, but good topic.
    I needs to spend some time studying much more or figuring out more.

    Thanks for excellent information I was in search of this info for my mission.

    Visit my site; stronghold crusader download full game free pc

    ReplyDelete
  21. Anonymous6/14/2015

    Good post. I learn something new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon every
    day. It will always be helpful to read articles from other writers and practice something from
    other sites.

    my web page :: free stronghold crusader download

    ReplyDelete
  22. Anonymous6/15/2015

    It's enormous that you are getting thoughts from this
    paragraph as well as from our dialogue made at this place.



    my blog post stronghold crusader download full game free pc (programsforthearts.net)

    ReplyDelete
  23. Anonymous6/15/2015

    Just desire to say your article is as astounding.
    The clearness on your post is just spectacular and that i could
    assume you're an expert on this subject. Fine together with your permission allow me to grab
    your RSS feed to stay up to date with impending post.
    Thank you a million and please continue the gratifying work.



    my page ... Uin.Club

    ReplyDelete
  24. Anonymous6/15/2015

    After looking over a number of the blog posts on your web page, I truly like your way of blogging.

    I saved as a favorite it to my bookmark website list and
    will be checking back soon. Please visit my website as well and let me know your opinion.

    Also visit my web blog Facebook

    ReplyDelete
  25. Anonymous6/15/2015

    Its like you read my mind! You appear to know so much about this, like you wrote the book in it or something.
    I think that you could do with a few pics to drive the message home a bit,
    but other than that, this is great blog. A fantastic read.
    I will definitely be back.

    Feel free to visit my web-site; stronghold crusader download full version free (wbywanted.com)

    ReplyDelete
  26. Anonymous6/15/2015

    It's fantastic that you are getting thoughts from this post as well as from our argument made at this time.



    Also visit my weblog ... stronghold crusader download full game
    free pc (http://davidfeilseifer.com/)

    ReplyDelete
  27. Anonymous6/15/2015

    I'd like to find out more? I'd love to find out
    more details.

    Also visit my weblog ... stronghold crusader download free full version

    ReplyDelete
  28. Anonymous6/15/2015

    Hi there, every time i used to check blog
    posts here early in the dawn, as i like to gain knowledge of more and more.


    Check out my site stronghold crusader download full version free

    ReplyDelete
  29. Anonymous6/17/2015

    You should take part in a contest for one of the greatest sites
    online. I will highly recommend this site!

    my website; GarretRChesbrough

    ReplyDelete
  30. Anonymous6/21/2015

    I was very happy to find this page. I want to to thank
    you for your time just for this wonderful read!!

    I definitely loved every little bit of it and I have you saved to fav to see new stuff on your site.



    Here is my web-site ... BrentPBeaureguard

    ReplyDelete
  31. Anonymous6/26/2015

    Excellent website you have here but I was wanting
    to know if you knew of any message boards that
    cover the same topics talked about here? I'd really love to be a part
    of community where I can get advice from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest.

    If you have any suggestions, please let me know.

    Thank you!

    My webpage stronghold crusader download full version free

    ReplyDelete
  32. Anonymous6/27/2015

    You should take part in a contest for one of the highest quality blogs on the
    net. I most certainly will highly recommend this site!



    Have a look at my homepage: shoes offer

    ReplyDelete
  33. Anonymous6/27/2015

    Somebody essentially lend a hand to make seriously articles
    I'd state. That is the very first time I frequented your website page
    and so far? I amazed with the research you made to create this particular publish amazing.
    Excellent job!

    Also visit my web site; cheap chi flat iron

    ReplyDelete
  34. Anonymous6/28/2015

    What i don't realize is if truth be told how you are no longer really a lot more
    neatly-liked than you may be now. You are so intelligent.
    You know therefore considerably relating to this
    matter, produced me personally imagine it from numerous various angles.
    Its like women and men are not involved unless it is one thing
    to do with Woman gaga! Your personal stuffs excellent.
    All the time deal with it up!

    my site :: Chi Hair Straightener

    ReplyDelete
  35. Anonymous6/29/2015

    I got this web page from my pal who informed me regarding this web page and at the moment
    this time I am visiting this web site and reading very informative
    articles here.

    my webpage - chi hair products

    ReplyDelete
  36. Anonymous6/29/2015

    Simply want to say your article is as astounding.
    The clearness in your post is simply excellent and i can assume you're
    an expert on this subject. Fine with your permission allow me to
    grab your RSS feed to keep updated with forthcoming post.
    Thanks a million and please continue the gratifying work.


    Feel free to surf to my blog post :: frontline commando ios hack

    ReplyDelete
  37. Anonymous6/29/2015

    Hi my friend! I want to say that this article is amazing, great written and come with approximately all vital infos.
    I would like to peer more posts like this .

    Stop by my site: Nike Air Max 90 Sale

    ReplyDelete
  38. Anonymous6/30/2015

    Right here is the perfect website for everyone who wants to
    find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost tough
    to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa).
    You certainly put a fresh spin on a topic
    which has been discussed for ages. Wonderful stuff, just
    excellent!

    My web-site: seo adelaide, http://211.234.99.234:81/xe/?document_srl=886282,

    ReplyDelete
  39. Anonymous6/30/2015

    I pay a quick visit day-to-day a few blogs and blogs to read articles or reviews, however
    this web site gives feature based writing.

    Here is my page: nike company adopts

    ReplyDelete
  40. Anonymous7/01/2015

    bookmarked!!, I really like your website!

    Here is my site: marvel avengers alliance hack online free

    ReplyDelete
  41. Anonymous7/02/2015

    Hello mates, its great article about educationand fully explained, keep it up all
    the time.

    Here is my web blog stronghold crusader download full game free pc

    ReplyDelete
  42. Anonymous7/02/2015

    Howdy very cool blog!! Man .. Excellent .. Superb ..
    I'll bookmark your website and take the feeds additionally?

    I am happy to search out a lot of helpful info right here in the submit, we'd like
    develop more techniques on this regard, thank you for sharing.
    . . . . .

    My web-site - marvel avengers alliance gold hack (vitality-marvelavengersalliancehack.blogspot.com)

    ReplyDelete
  43. Anonymous7/03/2015

    Hello, I desire to subscribe for this blog to get most up-to-date updates, so
    where can i do it please help.

    Also visit my website ... Nike Air Max 2013 Mens

    ReplyDelete
  44. Anonymous7/03/2015

    I've learn a few just right stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting.
    I wonder how much effort you place to make this type of great informative website.



    Also visit my webpage - marvel avengers alliance hack tool 2015

    ReplyDelete
  45. Anonymous7/03/2015

    Thank you for every other informative website.
    The place else may I am getting that kind of
    info written in such a perfect method? I've a venture that I am just now running on, and I have been on the look out
    for such information.

    my site ... Chi Hair Straightener

    ReplyDelete
  46. Anonymous7/04/2015

    It's impressive that you are getting thoughts from this
    paragraph as well as from our argument made at this time.


    Also visit my webpage :: chi flat iron website

    ReplyDelete
  47. Anonymous7/06/2015

    Simply want to say your article is as amazing. The clearness to your publish is just great
    and that i could suppose you're knowledgeable in this subject.
    Fine with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep
    updated with impending post. Thank you one million and please continue the gratifying work.


    Here is my homepage ChangTSoliz

    ReplyDelete
  48. Anonymous7/07/2015

    It's very effortless to find out any matter on net as compared to
    books, as I found this piece of writing at this web page.


    Feel free to surf to my web-site; chi flat iron official website

    ReplyDelete
  49. Anonymous7/08/2015

    I like looking through a post that will make men and women think.
    Also, thanks for permitting me to comment!

    Also visit my weblog my singing monsters hack tool download (vitality-mysingingmonstershack.blogspot.com)

    ReplyDelete
  50. Anonymous7/08/2015

    Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I'm impressed!
    Extremely helpful information specifically the last part :)
    I care for such info much. I was seeking this
    particular info for a very long time. Thank you and best
    of luck.

    Also visit my web blog :: my singing monsters hack download

    ReplyDelete
  51. Anonymous7/08/2015

    I’m not that much of a online reader to be honest but your sites really nice,
    keep it up! I'll go ahead and bookmark your website to
    come back later. All the best

    My web page ... my singing monsters hack free download

    ReplyDelete
  52. Anonymous7/08/2015

    This post presents clear idea designed for the new people of blogging, that really how to do running
    a blog.

    Have a look at my site my singing monsters hack

    ReplyDelete
  53. Anonymous7/10/2015

    I always used to study article in news papers but now
    as I am a user of web so from now I am using net for articles or reviews,
    thanks to web.

    Look at my page ... cheap chi flat iron

    ReplyDelete
  54. Anonymous7/10/2015

    It's hard to come by educated people in this particular
    subject, however, you sound like you know what you're
    talking about! Thanks

    Check out my homepage :: chi hair products

    ReplyDelete
  55. Anonymous7/11/2015

    Hello there, You've done a fantastic job. I will definitely digg it and personally
    recommend to my friends. I am confident they'll be benefited from this web site.


    Check out my webpage; chi flat iron official

    ReplyDelete
  56. Anonymous7/18/2015

    Stunning quest there. What occurred after? Take care!

    Feel free to surf to my web site: podiatrist rochester Ny

    ReplyDelete
  57. Anonymous7/18/2015

    Howdy would you mind stating which blog platform you're working with?
    I'm going to start my own blog in the near future but I'm having
    a difficult time selecting between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
    The reason I ask is because your layout seems different then most blogs and I'm
    looking for something completely unique.
    P.S Apologies for being off-topic but I had to ask!

    Feel free to surf to my homepage ... podiatrists in rochester

    ReplyDelete
  58. Anonymous7/19/2015

    Good respond in return of this matter with genuine arguments
    and explaining the whole thing on the topic of
    that.

    my web blog Hungry Shark Evolution Hack Game Download

    ReplyDelete
  59. Anonymous7/19/2015

    Hi, I do think this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it ;) I am going to revisit once again since I bookmarked
    it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.


    Have a look at my homepage ... Hungry Shark Evolution Hack Online

    ReplyDelete
  60. Anonymous7/20/2015

    When some one searches for his vital thing, so he/she needs to be available that in detail, so that thing is maintained over here.



    Feel free to surf to my web page - Hungry Shark Evolution Hack
    Online (twitter.com)

    ReplyDelete
  61. Anonymous7/23/2015

    I like it when people get together and share views. Great website, keep it
    up!

    Here is my blog: Hack Generator for Goodgame Empire

    ReplyDelete
  62. Anonymous7/24/2015

    If some one wants to be updated with hottest technologies after that he must be pay
    a visit this web site and be up to date all the time.


    Here is my web page :: Goodgame Empire Free Hack Download

    ReplyDelete
  63. Anonymous7/24/2015

    I seriously love your site.. Very nice colors & theme.
    Did you create this site yourself? Please reply back as
    I'm attempting to create my own website and would like to find out where you got this from or
    just what the theme is named. Appreciate it!

    Also visit my web page ... Goodgame Empire Hack Chomikuj

    ReplyDelete
  64. Anonymous8/23/2015

    Hi to all, because I am genuinely keen of reading this blog's post to be updated daily.
    It consists of nice stuff.

    Feel free to surf to my page hack tool pet rescue saga

    ReplyDelete
  65. Anonymous11/25/2017

    Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all
    of us you really recognise what you're talking about! Bookmarked.
    Kindly additionally discuss with my website =).
    We could have a hyperlink trade agreement among us

    Dapatkan Informasi Seputar Rokok Elektrik dan juga Harga
    serta Spesifikasinya

    ReplyDelete
  66. Anonymous11/26/2019

    exactly transition cheap viagra usa without prescription slowly celebration instead direction [url=http://www.vagragenericaar.org/]cheap viagra
    online without prescription[/url] briefly shot constantly baby http://www.vagragenericaar.org/ twice nail

    ReplyDelete
  67. Anonymous11/26/2019

    sildenafil citrato efectos secundarios [url=https://viaqraonlinegen.com/]hims
    viagra[/url] aurochem sildenafil reviews sildenafil citrate generic viagra
    100mg compounding sublingual sildenafil sildenafil with fluoxetine
    https://www.viaqraonlinegen.com/ sildenafil de
    calox

    ReplyDelete
  68. Anonymous11/26/2019

    tadalafil preturi [url=http://buyscialisrx.com/]cialis without prescription[/url] tadalafil tablets ranbaxy
    cialis prescription tadalafil 3mg drug interactions with tadalafil http://buyscialisrx.com/ acheter tadalafil 20 mg

    ReplyDelete
  69. Anonymous11/26/2019

    below drag tight online viagra relatively task about growth right [url=http://viacheapusa.com/]generic viagra
    sales[/url] cheap somewhere else concentrate http://viacheapusa.com/ normally curve

    ReplyDelete
  70. Anonymous11/26/2019

    highly brief [url=http://www.viagrapid.com/]viagra without doctor prescription[/url] eventually red just boy
    http://www.viagrapid.com/ overall read fully half
    viagra slow bag

    ReplyDelete
  71. Anonymous9/06/2020

    Hmm it seems like your website ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I'll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I'm thoroughly enjoying your blog. I too am an aspiring blog blogger but I'm still new to everything. Do you have any tips for beginner blog writers? I'd really appreciate it. Guess what the secret is on my page สล็อต

    ReplyDelete

Wikipedia

Search results